FluorideFree SoCo
11-03-2014, 03:49 PM
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24999851
A new perspective on metals and other contaminants in fluoridation chemicals.
Author: Mullenix PJ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mullenix%20PJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24999851).
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
<abstracttext label="BACKGROUND" nlmcategory="BACKGROUND">Fluoride additives contain metal contaminants that must be diluted to meet drinking water regulations. However, each raw additive batch supplied to water facilities does not come labeled with concentrations per contaminant. This omission distorts exposure profiles and the risks associated with accidents and routine use.</abstracttext>
OBJECTIVES:
<abstracttext label="OBJECTIVES" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">This study provides an independent determination of the metal content of raw fluoride products.</abstracttext>
METHODS:
<abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">Metal concentrations were analyzed in three hydrofluorosilicic acid (HFS) and four sodium fluoride (NaF) samples using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Arsenic levels were confirmed using graphite furnace atomic absorption analysis.</abstracttext>
RESULTS:
<abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">Results show that metal content varies with batch, and all HFS samples contained arsenic (4·9-56·0 ppm) or arsenic in addition to lead (10·3 ppm). Two NaF samples contained barium (13·3-18·0 ppm) instead. All HFS (212-415 ppm) and NaF (3312-3630 ppm) additives contained a surprising amount of aluminum.</abstracttext>
CONCLUSIONS:
<abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Such contaminant content creates a regulatory blind spot that jeopardizes any safe use of fluoride additives.</abstracttext>
KEYWORDS:
Drinking water regulations; Fluoride additives,; Metal contaminants,
<dl class="rprtid" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.4em; display: inline;"><dt style="display: inline; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px !important; white-space: nowrap;">PMID:</dt> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">24999851</dd> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] </dd><dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"></dd><dt style="display: inline; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5em !important; white-space: nowrap;">PMCID:</dt> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">PMC4090869</dd><dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"> [Available on 2015/4/1]
</dd></dl>
A new perspective on metals and other contaminants in fluoridation chemicals.
Author: Mullenix PJ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mullenix%20PJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24999851).
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
<abstracttext label="BACKGROUND" nlmcategory="BACKGROUND">Fluoride additives contain metal contaminants that must be diluted to meet drinking water regulations. However, each raw additive batch supplied to water facilities does not come labeled with concentrations per contaminant. This omission distorts exposure profiles and the risks associated with accidents and routine use.</abstracttext>
OBJECTIVES:
<abstracttext label="OBJECTIVES" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">This study provides an independent determination of the metal content of raw fluoride products.</abstracttext>
METHODS:
<abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">Metal concentrations were analyzed in three hydrofluorosilicic acid (HFS) and four sodium fluoride (NaF) samples using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Arsenic levels were confirmed using graphite furnace atomic absorption analysis.</abstracttext>
RESULTS:
<abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">Results show that metal content varies with batch, and all HFS samples contained arsenic (4·9-56·0 ppm) or arsenic in addition to lead (10·3 ppm). Two NaF samples contained barium (13·3-18·0 ppm) instead. All HFS (212-415 ppm) and NaF (3312-3630 ppm) additives contained a surprising amount of aluminum.</abstracttext>
CONCLUSIONS:
<abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Such contaminant content creates a regulatory blind spot that jeopardizes any safe use of fluoride additives.</abstracttext>
KEYWORDS:
Drinking water regulations; Fluoride additives,; Metal contaminants,
<dl class="rprtid" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.4em; display: inline;"><dt style="display: inline; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px !important; white-space: nowrap;">PMID:</dt> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">24999851</dd> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] </dd><dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"></dd><dt style="display: inline; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5em !important; white-space: nowrap;">PMCID:</dt> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">PMC4090869</dd><dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;"> [Available on 2015/4/1]
</dd></dl>